home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- #CARD:Brunei:Geography
- #IMAGE 49 66 TWPCX \maps\Brunei.PCX
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK Click Here for MAP
- Brunei
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Southeast Asia, on the northern coast of Borneo almost completely surrounded
- by Malaysia
- Map references:
- Asia, Oceania, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World
- Area:
- total area:
- 5,770 km2
- land area:
- 5,270 km2
- comparative area:
- slightly larger than Delaware
- Land boundaries:
- total 381 km, Malysia 381 km
- Coastline:
- 161 km
- Maritime claims:
- exclusive fishing zone:
- 200 nm
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- may wish to purchase the Malaysian salient that divides the country; all of
- the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them
- are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an
- exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef, but has not publicly
- claimed the island
- Climate:
- tropical; hot, humid, rainy
- Terrain:
- flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
- Natural resources:
- petroleum, natural gas, timber
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 1%
- permanent crops:
- 1%
- meadows and pastures:
- 1%
- forest and woodland:
- 79%
- other:
- 18%
- Irrigated land:
- 10 km2 (1989 est.)
- Environment:
- typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
- Note:
- close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific
- Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of
- Malaysia
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Brunei:People
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Brunei
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 276,984 (July 1993 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 2.77% (1993 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 26.55 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Death rate:
- 5.02 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 6.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 25.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 70.94 years
- male:
- 69.27 years
- female:
- 72.65 years (1993 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 3.45 children born/woman (1993 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Bruneian(s)
- adjective:
- Bruneian
- Ethnic divisions:
- Malay 64%, Chinese 20%, other 16%
- Religions:
- Muslim (official) 63%, Buddhism 14%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs and
- other 15% (1981)
- Languages:
- Malay (official), English, Chinese
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1981)
- total population:
- 77%
- male:
- 85%
- female:
- 69%
- Labor force:
- 89,000 (includes members of the Army)
- by occupation:
- government 47.5%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction
- 41.9%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.8% (1986)
- note:
- 33% of labor force is foreign (1988)
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Brunei:Government
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Brunei
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Negara Brunei Darussalam
- conventional short form:
- Brunei
- Digraph:
- BX
- Type:
- constitutional sultanate
- Capital:
- Bandar Seri Begawan
- Administrative divisions:
- 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara,
- Temburong, Tutong
- Independence:
- 1 January 1984 (from UK)
- Constitution:
- 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency
- since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
- Legal system:
- based on Islamic law
- National holiday:
- 23 February (1984)
- Political parties and leaders:
- Brunei United National Party (inactive), Anak HASANUDDIN, chairman; Brunei
- National Democratic Party (the first legal political party and now banned),
- leader NA
- Suffrage:
- none
- Elections:
- Legislative Council:
- last held in March 1962; in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive
- body by decree of the sultan and no elections are planned
- Executive branch:
- sultan, prime minister, Council of Cabinet Ministers
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral Legislative Council (Majlis Masyuarat Megeri)
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court
- Leaders:
- Chief of State and Head of Government:
- Sultan and Prime Minister His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji
- HASSANAL Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah (since 5 October 1967)
- Member of:
- APEC, ASEAN, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, ICAO, IDB, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO
- (correspondent), ITU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WMO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Mohamed KASSIM bin Haji Mohamed Daud
- chancery:
- 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 3000, Washington, DC 20037
- telephone:
- (202) 342-0159
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Donald Burnham ENSENAT
- embassy:
- Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Brunei:Government
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Brunei
- Government
- mailing address:
- American Embassy Box B, APO AP 96440
- telephone:
- [673] (2) 229-670
- FAX:
- [673] (2) 225-293
- Flag:
- yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black
- starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is
- superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top
- of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by
- two upraised hands
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Brunei:Economy
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Brunei
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- The economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship,
- government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. It is
- almost totally supported by exports of crude oil and natural gas, with
- revenues from the petroleum sector accounting for more than 50% of GDP. Per
- capita GDP of $8,800 is among the highest in the Third World, and
- substantial income from overseas investment supplements domestic production.
- The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes food and
- housing.
- National product:
- GDP - exchange rate conversion - $3.5 billion (1990 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 1% (1990 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $8,800 (1990 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 1.3% (1989)
- Unemployment rate:
- 3.7% (1989)
- Budget:
- revenues $1.3 billion; expenditures $1.5 billion, including capital
- expenditures of $255 million (1989 est.)
- Exports:
- $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
- commodities:
- crude oil, liquefied natural gas, petroleum products
- partners:
- Japan 53%, UK 12%, South Korea 9%, Thailand 7%, Singapore 5% (1990)
- Imports:
- $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1990 est.)
- commodities:
- machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
- partners:
- Singapore 35%, UK 26%, Switzerland 9%, US 9%, Japan 5% (1990)
- External debt:
- $0
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 12.9% (1987); accounts for 52.4% of GDP
- Electricity:
- 310,000 kW capacity; 890 million kWh produced, 3,300 kWh per capita (1990)
- Industries:
- petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
- Agriculture:
- imports about 80% of its food needs; principal crops and livestock include
- rice, cassava, bananas, buffaloes, and pigs
- Economic aid:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $20.6 million; Western (non-US)
- countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $153 million
- Currency:
- 1 Bruneian dollar (B$) = 100 cents
- Exchange rates:
- Bruneian dollars (B$) per US$1 - 1.6531 (January 1993), 1.6290 (1992),
- 1.7276 (1991), 1.8125 (1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124 (1988); note - the
- Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Brunei:Communications
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Brunei
- Communications
-
-
- Railroads:
- 13 km 0.610-meter narrow-gauge private line
- Highways:
- 1,090 km total; 370 km paved (bituminous treated) and another 52 km under
- construction, 720 km gravel or unimproved
- Inland waterways:
- 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters
- Pipelines:
- crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km
- Ports:
- Kuala Belait, Muara
- Merchant marine:
- 7 liquefied gas carriers (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635
- DWT
- Airports:
- total:
- 2
- usable:
- 2
- with permanent-surface runways:
- 1
- with runway over 3,659 m:
- 1
- with runway 2,440-3,659 m:
- 0
- with runway 1,220-2,439 m:
- 1
- Telecommunications:
- service throughout country is adequate for present needs; international
- service good to adjacent Malaysia; radiobroadcast coverage good; 33,000
- telephones (1987); broadcast stations - 4 AM/FM, 1 TV; 74,000 radio
- receivers (1987); satellite earth stations - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1
- Pacific Ocean INTELSAT
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Brunei:Defense Forces
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Brunei
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 77,407; fit for military service 45,112; reach military age
- (18) annually 2,676 (1993 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $300 million, 9% of GDP (1990)
-
- #ENDCARD
-